Survey of techniques to detect common weaknesses in program binaries

Software vulnerabilities resulting from coding weaknesses and poor development practices are common. Attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities and impact the security and privacy of end-users. Most end-user software is distributed as program binaries. Therefore, to increase trust in third-party software, researchers have built techniques and tools to detect and resolve different classes of coding weaknesses in binary software. Our work is motivated by the need to survey the state-of-the-art and understand the capabilities and challenges faced by binary-level techniques that were built to detect the most important coding weaknesses in software binaries. Therefore, in this paper, we first show the most critical coding weaknesses for compiled programming languages. We then survey, explore, and compare the static techniques that were developed to detect each such coding weakness in software binaries. Our other goal in this work is to discover and report the state of published open-source implementations of static binary-level security techniques. For the open-source frameworks that work as documented, we independently evaluate their effectiveness in detecting code vulnerabilities on a suite of program binaries. To our knowledge, this is the first work that surveys and independently evaluates the performance of state-of-the-art binary-level techniques to detect weaknesses in binary software.